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	<title>Comments on: The Cosmological Argument and the Deist Identity</title>
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		<title>By: Levitra.</title>
		<link>http://www.sidfaiwu.com/blog/index.php/2009/01/the-cosmological-argument/comment-page-1/#comment-34577</link>
		<dc:creator>Levitra.</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 13 Jul 2010 22:48:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.sidfaiwu.com/blog/?p=752#comment-34577</guid>
		<description>&lt;strong&gt;Levitra paypal....&lt;/strong&gt;

Levitra....</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Levitra paypal&#8230;.</strong></p>
<p>Levitra&#8230;.</p>
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		<title>By: sawaz</title>
		<link>http://www.sidfaiwu.com/blog/index.php/2009/01/the-cosmological-argument/comment-page-1/#comment-13226</link>
		<dc:creator>sawaz</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 17 Jan 2009 01:26:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.sidfaiwu.com/blog/?p=752#comment-13226</guid>
		<description>Edward G Talbot  You lost me right out of the gate with&quot;One cannot prove that God exists or does&#039;nt exist and attempts to do either are supreme wastes of effort&quot;
 First of all one cannot prove a negative but it only takes one instance to prove the existence of something.Example one cannot prove that black swans do not exist but you only need to see one to prove they do exist.Black swans exist in Australia but beforehand no European had ever seen one.
The second point is if god cannot be proven or disproven by argumentation then why join in the conversation except to prove that even talking about it is fruitless?That  sentence was a nice little hit and run which the others seemed to overlook
I am not trying to be testy just that the statement about not being able to prove or disprove something and the hopelessness of trying took me aback.
Could God prove his existence in an objective way or would we say if we saw a miracle happen that it was the result of a very technogically advanced civilization and how could we tell the difference?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Edward G Talbot  You lost me right out of the gate with&#8221;One cannot prove that God exists or does&#8217;nt exist and attempts to do either are supreme wastes of effort&#8221;<br />
 First of all one cannot prove a negative but it only takes one instance to prove the existence of something.Example one cannot prove that black swans do not exist but you only need to see one to prove they do exist.Black swans exist in Australia but beforehand no European had ever seen one.<br />
The second point is if god cannot be proven or disproven by argumentation then why join in the conversation except to prove that even talking about it is fruitless?That  sentence was a nice little hit and run which the others seemed to overlook<br />
I am not trying to be testy just that the statement about not being able to prove or disprove something and the hopelessness of trying took me aback.<br />
Could God prove his existence in an objective way or would we say if we saw a miracle happen that it was the result of a very technogically advanced civilization and how could we tell the difference?</p>
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		<title>By: sidfaiwu</title>
		<link>http://www.sidfaiwu.com/blog/index.php/2009/01/the-cosmological-argument/comment-page-1/#comment-13167</link>
		<dc:creator>sidfaiwu</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 16 Jan 2009 00:13:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.sidfaiwu.com/blog/?p=752#comment-13167</guid>
		<description>Thanks for the description, Marvin D Wilson.  If you want to follow my blog, you can find my RSS feed through the &#039;Subscribe&#039; link in the upper-left corner or through &lt;a href=&quot;http://sidfaiwu.com/blog/wp-rss2.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this link&lt;/a&gt;.  I post a few times a month about various topics.  Usually it&#039;s about religion, philosophy, politics, or music.

It sounds like you practice the nearly-lost Christian mysticism.  I&#039;ve read a little about the early Gnostics and their ideas about &quot;The Christ&quot;.  Given that flavor of Christianity, I can see how you can reconcile it with Buddhism.

I tried meditative practices back in college and didn&#039;t find is spiritually enlightening in the least.  When I read about experiences like the one you describe it always makes me wonder if the experience is genuine (a unique brain state which the preserver feels is significant) but the interpretation is not.  Just about every culture has tales of such an experience and always put in terms of whatever happens to be their mythology.  I&#039;ve even had one such experience (which I&#039;ll likely blog about later), but I don&#039;t think it was God in any sense.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Thanks for the description, Marvin D Wilson.  If you want to follow my blog, you can find my RSS feed through the &#8216;Subscribe&#8217; link in the upper-left corner or through <a href="http://sidfaiwu.com/blog/wp-rss2.php" rel="nofollow">this link</a>.  I post a few times a month about various topics.  Usually it&#8217;s about religion, philosophy, politics, or music.</p>
<p>It sounds like you practice the nearly-lost Christian mysticism.  I&#8217;ve read a little about the early Gnostics and their ideas about &#8220;The Christ&#8221;.  Given that flavor of Christianity, I can see how you can reconcile it with Buddhism.</p>
<p>I tried meditative practices back in college and didn&#8217;t find is spiritually enlightening in the least.  When I read about experiences like the one you describe it always makes me wonder if the experience is genuine (a unique brain state which the preserver feels is significant) but the interpretation is not.  Just about every culture has tales of such an experience and always put in terms of whatever happens to be their mythology.  I&#8217;ve even had one such experience (which I&#8217;ll likely blog about later), but I don&#8217;t think it was God in any sense.</p>
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		<title>By: Marvin D Wilson</title>
		<link>http://www.sidfaiwu.com/blog/index.php/2009/01/the-cosmological-argument/comment-page-1/#comment-13147</link>
		<dc:creator>Marvin D Wilson</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 15 Jan 2009 23:23:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.sidfaiwu.com/blog/?p=752#comment-13147</guid>
		<description>Woops, OK, I see now that Snurp and Sidwaifu are two different beings. Actually, deductive reasoning in Zen study IS of absolute importance. My Zen Master, Venerable Samu Sunim was hands down the most intelligent human I&#039;ve ever encountered. He would go off on discourses expounding things that would leave me like, &quot;Wha? Huh?&quot; Then when he knew he had lost me he&#039;d explain, logically, and bingo was his name-0. Brilliant thinker. Don&#039;t know where you got that idea about no need for logical deduction. Lemme dig some and suggest some reading for you. will get back. No, reasoning has its place in Zen study, but it stops short of EXPERIENCE. Argue, debate and explain all you want, you do not BECOME a Buddha, you do not BECOME a Christ or a Krishna until you break through the barriers of the mortally bound limited thinking intellect. There is BIG mind, Universal Mind, the ONE that you and I are a part of. We are like waves in the ocean. We cling to our little individual wave as if that is &quot;ME&quot; - but eventually the wave hits the beach and &quot;me&quot; is no more. but nothing is lost or gained. The ocean is still there, has been all along. Trick is to be the ocean while still in your wave.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Woops, OK, I see now that Snurp and Sidwaifu are two different beings. Actually, deductive reasoning in Zen study IS of absolute importance. My Zen Master, Venerable Samu Sunim was hands down the most intelligent human I&#8217;ve ever encountered. He would go off on discourses expounding things that would leave me like, &#8220;Wha? Huh?&#8221; Then when he knew he had lost me he&#8217;d explain, logically, and bingo was his name-0. Brilliant thinker. Don&#8217;t know where you got that idea about no need for logical deduction. Lemme dig some and suggest some reading for you. will get back. No, reasoning has its place in Zen study, but it stops short of EXPERIENCE. Argue, debate and explain all you want, you do not BECOME a Buddha, you do not BECOME a Christ or a Krishna until you break through the barriers of the mortally bound limited thinking intellect. There is BIG mind, Universal Mind, the ONE that you and I are a part of. We are like waves in the ocean. We cling to our little individual wave as if that is &#8220;ME&#8221; &#8211; but eventually the wave hits the beach and &#8220;me&#8221; is no more. but nothing is lost or gained. The ocean is still there, has been all along. Trick is to be the ocean while still in your wave.</p>
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		<title>By: Marvin D Wilson</title>
		<link>http://www.sidfaiwu.com/blog/index.php/2009/01/the-cosmological-argument/comment-page-1/#comment-13141</link>
		<dc:creator>Marvin D Wilson</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 15 Jan 2009 23:11:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.sidfaiwu.com/blog/?p=752#comment-13141</guid>
		<description>Still getting the hang of this blog, not sure if I&#039;m talking to &quot;Snurp&quot; or &quot;Sidwaifu&quot; or if they are on and the same - lol. I am a Christian mostly because I had a powerful spiritual experience in which I met with the Christ. Jesus, the historical figure, I believe was a VERY high being. We all are &quot;sons of god&quot; so I don&#039;t place any special significance on that designation of him biblically. He represented the potential in all of US. He in fact said, &quot;Greater things than I have done shall ye do,&quot; and also, &quot;Is it not written in your law, I said, ye are gods?&quot;

As far as the gospels, the ones in the Bible are wonderful, full of the living WORD, but there are many not included (for political reasons during Roman Emperor Constantine&#039;s rule in the 4th century, he being a recent Christian convert trying to unify his country and get everyone to have one belief and dutifully pay their taxes), that are absolutely amazing. The Gnostic gospels, the Dead Sea Scrolls, the Gospel according to Thomas, the Gospel of Mary, the Gospel of Judas, to mention just some.

I&#039;ve had enlightenment experiences practicing Buddhism, head banging and enlarging epiphanies studying Taoism and quantum mechanics, and a spirit to spirit encounter with the universal principle and power of the Christ. So while I profess Christianity, I do not exclude the study of or interaction with other faiths or followers or scriptures of those paths, NOR do I feel that agnostics and/or atheists are not spiritual - if they were not interested in spiritual growth/awareness, they wouldn&#039;t bother to even talk about it or brand themselves as such as if to say, &quot;No I don&#039;t believe it. Prove it to me!&quot; (smile) 

Hey do you have a &quot;follow this blog&quot; gadget somewhere? I don;t see it, but would love to follow, stay in touch.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Still getting the hang of this blog, not sure if I&#8217;m talking to &#8220;Snurp&#8221; or &#8220;Sidwaifu&#8221; or if they are on and the same &#8211; lol. I am a Christian mostly because I had a powerful spiritual experience in which I met with the Christ. Jesus, the historical figure, I believe was a VERY high being. We all are &#8220;sons of god&#8221; so I don&#8217;t place any special significance on that designation of him biblically. He represented the potential in all of US. He in fact said, &#8220;Greater things than I have done shall ye do,&#8221; and also, &#8220;Is it not written in your law, I said, ye are gods?&#8221;</p>
<p>As far as the gospels, the ones in the Bible are wonderful, full of the living WORD, but there are many not included (for political reasons during Roman Emperor Constantine&#8217;s rule in the 4th century, he being a recent Christian convert trying to unify his country and get everyone to have one belief and dutifully pay their taxes), that are absolutely amazing. The Gnostic gospels, the Dead Sea Scrolls, the Gospel according to Thomas, the Gospel of Mary, the Gospel of Judas, to mention just some.</p>
<p>I&#8217;ve had enlightenment experiences practicing Buddhism, head banging and enlarging epiphanies studying Taoism and quantum mechanics, and a spirit to spirit encounter with the universal principle and power of the Christ. So while I profess Christianity, I do not exclude the study of or interaction with other faiths or followers or scriptures of those paths, NOR do I feel that agnostics and/or atheists are not spiritual &#8211; if they were not interested in spiritual growth/awareness, they wouldn&#8217;t bother to even talk about it or brand themselves as such as if to say, &#8220;No I don&#8217;t believe it. Prove it to me!&#8221; (smile) </p>
<p>Hey do you have a &#8220;follow this blog&#8221; gadget somewhere? I don;t see it, but would love to follow, stay in touch.</p>
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		<title>By: sidfaiwu</title>
		<link>http://www.sidfaiwu.com/blog/index.php/2009/01/the-cosmological-argument/comment-page-1/#comment-13112</link>
		<dc:creator>sidfaiwu</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 15 Jan 2009 22:07:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.sidfaiwu.com/blog/?p=752#comment-13112</guid>
		<description>Hello Marvin D Wilson,

Thanks for stopping by and dropping a comment.

&quot;As a non-religious dogma free spiritualist Christian with a background in Zen and Taoism...&quot;

Wow, that&#039;s quite a mouthful.  Like Snurp, I&#039;d like to hear more about that.  Interestingly enough, both Snurp and I tentatively planed on reading some Zen philosophy.  What I know of it so far I don&#039;t particularly care for, especially their implicit position that deductive reasoning is not valid, but it&#039;s nonetheless interesting.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hello Marvin D Wilson,</p>
<p>Thanks for stopping by and dropping a comment.</p>
<p>&#8220;As a non-religious dogma free spiritualist Christian with a background in Zen and Taoism&#8230;&#8221;</p>
<p>Wow, that&#8217;s quite a mouthful.  Like Snurp, I&#8217;d like to hear more about that.  Interestingly enough, both Snurp and I tentatively planed on reading some Zen philosophy.  What I know of it so far I don&#8217;t particularly care for, especially their implicit position that deductive reasoning is not valid, but it&#8217;s nonetheless interesting.</p>
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		<title>By: Scott</title>
		<link>http://www.sidfaiwu.com/blog/index.php/2009/01/the-cosmological-argument/comment-page-1/#comment-13111</link>
		<dc:creator>Scott</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 15 Jan 2009 20:00:15 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.sidfaiwu.com/blog/?p=752#comment-13111</guid>
		<description>This very argument is why I didn&#039;t do well in the one philosophy class I took.  It&#039;s fun to read but after a while it seems that philosophers either a) end up with nothing existing or b) end up with something that eventually has no meaning.  It&#039;s like breaking down our language into phonemes, it all (in my mind) becomes meaningless noise.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This very argument is why I didn&#8217;t do well in the one philosophy class I took.  It&#8217;s fun to read but after a while it seems that philosophers either a) end up with nothing existing or b) end up with something that eventually has no meaning.  It&#8217;s like breaking down our language into phonemes, it all (in my mind) becomes meaningless noise.</p>
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		<title>By: sidfaiwu</title>
		<link>http://www.sidfaiwu.com/blog/index.php/2009/01/the-cosmological-argument/comment-page-1/#comment-13110</link>
		<dc:creator>sidfaiwu</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 15 Jan 2009 19:01:08 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.sidfaiwu.com/blog/?p=752#comment-13110</guid>
		<description>Hello Thor’Ungal, and welcome to my blog.  Thanks for sharing your thoughts!

If I understand correctly, your comment is not so much an objection of the CA, but a separate argument that the necessary thing cannot be intelligent.  I am not a dualist and actually used a very similar argument in defense of monism in a &lt;a href = &quot;http://www.sidfaiwu.com/blog/index.php/debates/monism-vs-dualism-debate-with-neando/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;previous debate&lt;/a&gt;.  I&#039;ve never thought of it in context with the conclusion of the CA.

I will note, however, that the CA doesn&#039;t depend on dualism since the necessary being could be purely material.  However it is true that in order for the necessary being to be intelligent, dualism must be true... or does it?

One of the most interesting arguments for God&#039;s existence I&#039;ve ever run across was that of &lt;a href = &quot;http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/berkeley/#2.1.1&quot; target = &quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;George Berkeley&lt;/a&gt;.  Part of that argument was an argument for monism.  What&#039;s different about his monism is that the one substance is ideas (or mind) and &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; matter.  Matter only exists as an idea within our minds.  If he&#039;s right, then everything is, indeed, a top-down creation; minds creating matter for the mind to play with, so to speak.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hello Thor’Ungal, and welcome to my blog.  Thanks for sharing your thoughts!</p>
<p>If I understand correctly, your comment is not so much an objection of the CA, but a separate argument that the necessary thing cannot be intelligent.  I am not a dualist and actually used a very similar argument in defense of monism in a <a href = "http://www.sidfaiwu.com/blog/index.php/debates/monism-vs-dualism-debate-with-neando/" rel="nofollow">previous debate</a>.  I&#8217;ve never thought of it in context with the conclusion of the CA.</p>
<p>I will note, however, that the CA doesn&#8217;t depend on dualism since the necessary being could be purely material.  However it is true that in order for the necessary being to be intelligent, dualism must be true&#8230; or does it?</p>
<p>One of the most interesting arguments for God&#8217;s existence I&#8217;ve ever run across was that of <a href = "http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/berkeley/#2.1.1" target = "_blank" rel="nofollow">George Berkeley</a>.  Part of that argument was an argument for monism.  What&#8217;s different about his monism is that the one substance is ideas (or mind) and <em>not</em> matter.  Matter only exists as an idea within our minds.  If he&#8217;s right, then everything is, indeed, a top-down creation; minds creating matter for the mind to play with, so to speak.</p>
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		<title>By: Snurp</title>
		<link>http://www.sidfaiwu.com/blog/index.php/2009/01/the-cosmological-argument/comment-page-1/#comment-13109</link>
		<dc:creator>Snurp</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 15 Jan 2009 18:14:08 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.sidfaiwu.com/blog/?p=752#comment-13109</guid>
		<description>It does sound strange, when you think closely, to not only attribute existence to what exists (I am tempted to state Kant&#039;s argument here that existence is not a predicate, but that would be outside the point) but to call what exists a &quot;necessary being.&quot;  If what exists is a series of things, then the whole series of things is suddenly treated as &lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt; thing, to which the predicate &quot;necessary&quot; is attached in some sense.  Is this legitimate?  Can predicates belong to a chain of things?  If one says that the chain is necessary because all its parts are necessary, one is saying that there are no contingent things, and thus denying premise 1 of the MCA (among other things).  If not, then &lt;i&gt;what&lt;/i&gt; is &quot;necessary?&quot;  What is &quot;the chain&quot; as such, which is necessary in some sense beyond all of its parts individually or together?  Can we even say with any real clarity what we&#039;re referring to?  It&#039;s reasons like this that lead me to give serious doubt over to arguments about metaphysics, as they tend to require transcendence, so to speak, beyond the concepts themselves, some sort of step from words to reality that itself requires justification, but I&#039;m not so sure can be justified.

This makes think that one of these days, sid, I need to get you into &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_turn&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; post linguistic turn philosophy&lt;/a&gt;, or at least some Wittgenstein.  It&#039;s difficult reading for the most part, but I think you&#039;ll find a lot of interest in this area, and my background in this area is improving (also, they share a near-universal scorn for Heidegger :) )

Marvin,

It sounds like you have an interesting perspective on Christianity.  In what sense do you consider yourself a Christian?  What do you think of Jesus, and of the gospels?  Or is &quot;Christian&quot; more of a characteristic of your worldview, one component among others, so to speak?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>It does sound strange, when you think closely, to not only attribute existence to what exists (I am tempted to state Kant&#8217;s argument here that existence is not a predicate, but that would be outside the point) but to call what exists a &#8220;necessary being.&#8221;  If what exists is a series of things, then the whole series of things is suddenly treated as <i>a</i> thing, to which the predicate &#8220;necessary&#8221; is attached in some sense.  Is this legitimate?  Can predicates belong to a chain of things?  If one says that the chain is necessary because all its parts are necessary, one is saying that there are no contingent things, and thus denying premise 1 of the MCA (among other things).  If not, then <i>what</i> is &#8220;necessary?&#8221;  What is &#8220;the chain&#8221; as such, which is necessary in some sense beyond all of its parts individually or together?  Can we even say with any real clarity what we&#8217;re referring to?  It&#8217;s reasons like this that lead me to give serious doubt over to arguments about metaphysics, as they tend to require transcendence, so to speak, beyond the concepts themselves, some sort of step from words to reality that itself requires justification, but I&#8217;m not so sure can be justified.</p>
<p>This makes think that one of these days, sid, I need to get you into <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_turn" rel="nofollow"> post linguistic turn philosophy</a>, or at least some Wittgenstein.  It&#8217;s difficult reading for the most part, but I think you&#8217;ll find a lot of interest in this area, and my background in this area is improving (also, they share a near-universal scorn for Heidegger <img src='http://www.sidfaiwu.com/blog/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':)' class='wp-smiley' />  )</p>
<p>Marvin,</p>
<p>It sounds like you have an interesting perspective on Christianity.  In what sense do you consider yourself a Christian?  What do you think of Jesus, and of the gospels?  Or is &#8220;Christian&#8221; more of a characteristic of your worldview, one component among others, so to speak?</p>
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		<title>By: sidfaiwu</title>
		<link>http://www.sidfaiwu.com/blog/index.php/2009/01/the-cosmological-argument/comment-page-1/#comment-13108</link>
		<dc:creator>sidfaiwu</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 15 Jan 2009 17:54:09 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.sidfaiwu.com/blog/?p=752#comment-13108</guid>
		<description>RE: Snurp and Edward G. Talbot,

&quot;There’s one thing that bothers me about this sort of argument that I’ve never really been able into words.&quot;

I have the exact same feeling about the ontological argument.  Perhaps I&#039;ll post about that next and we can hash it out.

We are definitely brushing up against the limitations of language here.  The word &#039;being&#039; may very well carry implications not intended.  &#039;Object&#039;, &#039;stuff&#039;, and even &#039;thing&#039; do as well.  Unfortunately, language is the best means we have of conveying meaning to one another.

I think you are right, Snurp.  This is the part of the CA that I&#039;ve been struggling with internally in recent months.  Great, there&#039;s a necessary being.  But what does that mean?  It seems it means so astonishingly little as to be a worthless concept.  I&#039;ve pretty much argued that if there isn&#039;t a necessary being within &#039;everything that is&#039;, than &#039;everything that is&#039; is that necessary being.  I used to think of that as the difference between theism and pantheism.  I&#039;m starting to think it&#039;s the difference between &quot;there exists some significant object(s) upon which all else depends&quot; and &quot;stuff exists, but none of it is special.&quot;

In summary, I&#039;d say the MCA is sound (unless nothing exists, which I take as self-apparently false), but its conclusion is worthless.  I&#039;ll need some time to reflect before I convince myself that this is correct (or incorrect).</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>RE: Snurp and Edward G. Talbot,</p>
<p>&#8220;There’s one thing that bothers me about this sort of argument that I’ve never really been able into words.&#8221;</p>
<p>I have the exact same feeling about the ontological argument.  Perhaps I&#8217;ll post about that next and we can hash it out.</p>
<p>We are definitely brushing up against the limitations of language here.  The word &#8216;being&#8217; may very well carry implications not intended.  &#8216;Object&#8217;, &#8216;stuff&#8217;, and even &#8216;thing&#8217; do as well.  Unfortunately, language is the best means we have of conveying meaning to one another.</p>
<p>I think you are right, Snurp.  This is the part of the CA that I&#8217;ve been struggling with internally in recent months.  Great, there&#8217;s a necessary being.  But what does that mean?  It seems it means so astonishingly little as to be a worthless concept.  I&#8217;ve pretty much argued that if there isn&#8217;t a necessary being within &#8216;everything that is&#8217;, than &#8216;everything that is&#8217; is that necessary being.  I used to think of that as the difference between theism and pantheism.  I&#8217;m starting to think it&#8217;s the difference between &#8220;there exists some significant object(s) upon which all else depends&#8221; and &#8220;stuff exists, but none of it is special.&#8221;</p>
<p>In summary, I&#8217;d say the MCA is sound (unless nothing exists, which I take as self-apparently false), but its conclusion is worthless.  I&#8217;ll need some time to reflect before I convince myself that this is correct (or incorrect).</p>
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